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61.
Xuejie GAO Ying SHI Zhenyu HAN Meili WANG Jia WU Dongfeng ZHANG Ying XU Filippo GIORGI 《大气科学进展》2017,34(4):441-455
A long-term simulation for the period 1990–2010 is conducted with the latest version of the International Centre for Theoretical Physics' Regional Climate Model(RegCM4), driven by ERA-Interim boundary conditions at a grid spacing of 25 km. The Community Land Model(CLM) is used to describe land surface processes, with updates in the surface parameters,including the land cover and surface emissivity. The simulation is compared against observations to evaluate the model performance in reproducing the present day climatology and interannual variability over the 10 main river basins in China,with focus on surface air temperature and precipitation. Temperature and precipitation from the ERA-Interim reanalysis are also considered in the model assessment. Results show that the model reproduces the present day climatology over China and its main river basins, with better performances in June–July–August compared to December–January–February(DJF).In DJF, we find a warm bias at high latitudes, underestimated precipitation in the south, and overestimated precipitation in the north. The model in general captures the observed interannual variability, with greater skill for temperature. We also find an underestimation of heavy precipitation events in eastern China, and an underestimation of consecutive dry days in northern China and the Tibetan Plateau. Similar biases for both mean climatology and extremes are found in the ERA-Interim reanalysis, indicating the difficulties for climate models in simulating extreme monsoon climate events over East Asia. 相似文献
62.
耦合区域地球系统模式(RESM)现在仍处于早期的发展阶段,在本文中,我们对其近期相关进展进行了回顾。到目前为止,已经开发出了耦合的区域大气–海洋–海冰、大气–气溶胶和大气–生物圈模式,但总体它们仅在有限的区域得到应用,需要更多的工作来评估其在更多区域的可移植性。我们认为RESM发展中的未来挑战,是在大气、海洋、冰冻圈、生物圈、化学圈以外,同时将人类及其活动成分以完全相互作用的方式引入进来。 相似文献
63.
Uncertainties in regional climate change prediction: a regional analysis of ensemble simulations with the HADCM2 coupled AOGCM 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
We analyze ensembles (four realizations) of historical and future climate transient experiments carried out with the coupled
atmosphere-ocean general circulation model (AOGCM) of the Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research, version HADCM2,
with four scenarios of greenhouse gas (GHG) and sulfate forcing. The analysis focuses on the regional scale, and in particular
on 21 regions covering all land areas in the World (except Antarctica). We examine seasonally averaged surface air temperature
and precipitation for the historical period of 1961–1990 and the future climate period of 2046–2075. Compared to previous
AOGCM simulations, the HADCM2 model shows a good performance in reproducing observed regional averages of summer and winter
temperature and precipitation. The model, however, does not reproduce well observed interannual variability. We find that
the uncertainty in regional climate change predictions associated with the spread of different realizations in an ensemble
(i.e. the uncertainty related to the internal model variability) is relatively low for all scenarios and regions. In particular,
this uncertainty is lower than the uncertainty due to inter-scenario variability and (by comparison with previous regional
analyses of AOGCMs) with inter-model variability. The climate biases and sensitivities found for different realizations of
the same ensemble were similar to the corresponding ensemble averages and the averages associated with individual realizations
of the same ensemble did not differ from each other at the 5% confidence level in the vast majority of cases. These results
indicate that a relatively small number of realizations (3 or 4) is sufficient to characterize an AOGCM transient climate
change prediction at the regional scale.
Received: 12 January 1998 / Accepted: 7 July 1999 相似文献
64.
Berta Biescas François Dufour Glória Furdada Giorgi Khazaradze Emma Suriñach 《Surveys in Geophysics》2003,24(5-6):447-464
Seismic signals generated by avalanches have been recorded by theavalanche team of the Universitat de Barcelona at theVallée de la Sionne experimental site (Switzerland) since 1998. During these years avalanches of varying size and flowwere recorded by two sensors located at different positions.In the present paper we show the general features of the running spectra of the seismicsignals for the different type of recorded avalanches. Using this method we are able not only to detect avalanches with low amplitude signals but also to distinguishbetween avalanches and other seismic sources (i.e., local earthquakes) which have thesame frequency content but a different frequency evolution. 相似文献
65.
On the application of SAR interferometry to geomorphological studies: estimation of landform attributes and mass movements 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
Filippo Catani Paolo Farina Sandro Moretti Giovanni Nico Tazio Strozzi 《Geomorphology》2005,66(1-4):119
This paper presents two examples of application of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) interferometry (InSAR) to typical geomorphological problems. The principles of InSAR are introduced, taking care to clarify the limits and the potential of this technique for geomorphological studies. The application of InSAR to the quantification of landform attributes such as the slope and to the estimation of landform variations is investigated. Two case studies are presented. A first case study focuses on the problem of measuring landform attributes by interferometric SAR data. The interferometric result is compared with the corresponding one obtained by a Digital Elevation Model (DEM). In the second case study, the use of InSAR for the estimation of landform variations caused by a landslide is detailed. 相似文献
66.
区域气候模式对温室效应引起的中国地区气候变化的数值模拟 总被引:93,自引:9,他引:93
利用基于 RegCM2的区域气候模式并单向嵌套澳大利亚 CSIRO R21L9全球海-气耦合模式,进行了温室气体二氧化碳浓度倍增对中国气候变化影响的数值试验研究。控制试验结果表明:区域模式由于具有较高的分辨率,因而对中国区域地面气温和降水的模拟效果较全球模式有了较大提高;模式对 2×CO2敏感性试验结果表明了在 CO2浓度倍增情况下,由于温室效应,中国区域的地面气温将有明显升高,降水也将呈增加趋势。 相似文献
67.
We present an analysis of a multidecadal simulation of present-day climate (1961–1990) over Europe with the regional climate model RegCM nested within the global atmospheric model HadAMH. Climatic means, interannual variability and trends are examined, with focus on surface air temperature and precipitation. The RegCM driven by HadAMH fields is able to reproduce the basic features of the observed mean surface climate over Europe, its seasonal evolution and the regional detail due to topographic forcing. Surface air temperature biases are mostly less than 1–2 °C and precipitation biases mostly within 10–20%. The RegCM has more intense vertical transport of temperature and water vapor than HadAMH, which results in lower surface air temperatures and greater precipitation than found in the HadAMH simulation. In some cases this is in the direction of greater agreement with observations, while in others it is in the opposite direction. The simulation shows a tendency to overestimate interannual variability of temperature and precipitation compared to observations, particularly during summer and over the Mediterranean regions. It is shown that in DJF, MAM and SON the RegCM interannual variability is primarily determined by the boundary forcing from HadAMH, while in JJA the internal model physics and resolution effects dominate over many subregions of the domain, and the RegCM has higher interannual variability than HadAMH. The precipitation trends simulated by the nested modeling system for the period 1961–1990 capture some features of the observed trends, in particular the cold season drying over the Mediterranean regions. Ensembles of simulations are, however, needed for a more robust assessment of the models capability to simulate climatic trends. Overall, this simulation is of good quality compared with previous nested RegCM experiments and will constitute the basis for the generation of climate change scenarios over the European region to be reported in future work. 相似文献
68.
CLIMATE CHANGE DUE TO GREENHOUSE EFFECTS IN CHINA AS SIMULATED BY A REGIONAL CLIMATE MODEL-PART I:EVALUATION OF THE MODEL SIMULATIONS* 下载免费PDF全文
GAO Xuejie ZHAO Zongci DING Yihui HUANG Ronghui Filippo Giorgi 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2003,17(4):406-416
Impacts of greenhouse effects(2×CO2) on climate change over China as simulated by a regional climate model have been investigated.The model was based on RegCM2 and is nested in one-way mode within a global coupled atmosphere-ocean model(CSIRO R21L9 AOGCM).Two multi-year simulations,the control run with normal CO2 concentration and the sensitivity run with doubled CO2 concentration are conducted. As Part I of the publications,results of control run of the CSIRO,i.e.its simulation of present climate in China,are analyzed briefly.It shows that the model can basically reproduce the surface air temperature and precipitation pattern over China.Therefore,its outputs can be used to drive the regional model. Analysis of control run of RegCM shows that with a high resolution,the model improves the simulations of surface air temperature and precipitation in China as compared to the CSIRO model, especially for the precipitation.The spatial correlation coefficient between simulated and observed annual temperature increased from 0.83 in the CSIRO to 0.92 in the RegCM and for annual precipitation from 0.48 in the CSIRO to 0.65 in the RegCM.A similar improvement in the RegCM compared to the CSIRO was found in all simulated months.The main improvement for surface temperature is that RegCM can simulate the fine scale structure of temperature caused by topography.RegCM greatly improved the spatial distribution of precipitation by eliminating the virtual precipitation center in central China,which was simulated by many other GCMs.The precipitation simulated by RegCM in North and Northwest China is smaller than that by CSIRO, which makes it closer to the observation. 相似文献
69.
We present an analysis of a high resolution multi-decadal simulation of recent climate (1971–2000) over the Korean Peninsula
with a regional climate model (RegCM3) using a one-way double-nested system. Mean climate state as well as frequency and intensity
of extreme climate events are investigated at various temporal and spatial scales, with focus on surface air temperature and
precipitation. The mother intermediate resolution model domain encompasses the eastern regions of Asia at 60 km grid spacing
while the high resolution nested domain covers the Korean Peninsula at 20 km grid spacing. The simulation spans the 30-year
period of January 1971 through December 2000, and initial and lateral boundary conditions for the mother domain are provided
from ECHO-G fields based on the IPCC SRES B2 scenario. The model shows a good performance in reproducing the climatological
and regional characteristics of surface variables, although some persistent biases are present. Main results are as follows:
(1) The RegCM3 successfully simulates the fine-scale structure of the temperature field due to topographic forcing but it
shows a systematic cold bias mostly due to an underestimate of maximum temperature. (2) The frequency distribution of simulated
daily mean temperature agrees well with the observed seasonal and spatial patterns. In the summer season, however, daily variability
is underestimated. (3) The RegCM3 simulation adequately captures the seasonal evolution of precipitation associated to the
East Asia monsoon. In particular, the simulated winter precipitation is remarkably good, clearly showing typical precipitation
patterns that occur on the northwestern areas of Japan during the winter monsoon. Although summer precipitation is underestimated,
area-averaged time series of precipitation over Korea show that the RegCM3 agrees better with observations than ECHO-G both
in terms of seasonal evolution and precipitation amounts. (4) Heavy rainfall phenomena exceeding 300 mm/day are simulated
only at the high resolution of the double nested domain. (5) The model shows a tendency to overestimate the number of precipitation
days and to underestimate the precipitation intensities. (6) A CSEOF analysis reveals that the model captures the strength
of the annual cycle and the surface warming trend throughout the simulated period. 相似文献
70.
Summary We use the regional climate model RegCM nested within time-slice atmospheric general circulation model experiments to investigate
the possible changes of intense and extreme precipitation over the French Maritime Alps in response to global climate change.
This is a region with complex orography where heavy and/or extended precipitation episodes induced catastrophic floods during
the last decades. Output from a 30-year simulation of present-day climate (1961–1990) is first analysed and compared with
NCEP reanalysed 700 hPa geopotential heights (Z700) and daily precipitation observations from the Alpine Precipitation Climatology
(1966–1999). Two simulations under forcing from the A2 and B2 IPCC emission scenarios for the period 2071–2100 are used to
investigate projected changes in extreme precipitation for our region of interest. In general, the model overestimates the
annual cycle of precipitation. The climate change projections show some increase of precipitation, mostly outside the warm
period for the B2 scenario, and some increase in the variability of the annual precipitation totals for the A2 scenario. The
model reproduces the main observed patterns of the spatial leading EOFs in the Z700 field over the Atlantic-European domain.
The simulated large scale circulation (LSC) variability does not differ significantly from that of the reanalysis data provided
the EOFs are computed on the same domain. Two similar clusters of LSC corresponding to heavy precipitation days were identified
for both simulated and observed data and their patterns do not change significantly in the climate change scenarios. The analysis
of frequency histograms of extreme indices shows that the control simulation systematically underestimates the observed heavy
precipitation expressed as the 90th percentile of rainday amounts in all seasons except summer and better reproduces the greatest 5-day precipitation accumulation.
The main hydrological changes projected for the Maritime Alps consist of an increase of most intense wet spell precipitation
during winters for both scenarios and during autumn for the B2 scenario. Case studies of heavy precipitation events show that
the RegCM is capable to reproduce the physical mechanisms responsible for heavy precipitation over our region of interest. 相似文献